Adding Disks under Solaris

After Putting In New HDD Login as root.

# drvconfig ( configure the /devices directory )
# disks ( creates /dev entries for hard disks attached to the system )
# format

Once the disk has been physically installed, the system should recognize a new device on the SCSI bus. After powering up the system, hold down the Stop key (on some Suns, this is labeled L1), and hit the A key to enter the boot monitor.

At the boot monitor, probe-scsi can be used to list the SCSI devices the system recognizes:

Type 'go' to resume
Type help for more information
ok probe-scsi
  .
        .
Target 5
Unit 0  Disk     HP        C37245       5153
        .
        .

Note: on some older Suns, it may be necessary to enter "n" at the boot monitor to enter the newer command mode before probing for disks.

After verifying that the new disk is recognized by the system, reboot the machine by issuing "boot -r" from the boot monitor. The -r option tells the system to reconfigure for the new device.

During the boot process, the new disk should be recognized and a message should be printed to the console. (On some Suns, it may not be printed to the screen, but will be written to the system log -- in this case, the dmesg command should be used to review the boot messages). The messages should be similar to this:

 sd5 at esp0: target 5 lun 0
 sd5 is /iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@5,0
 WARNING: /iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@5,0 (sd5):
  corrupt label - wrong magic number
  Vendor 'HP', product 'C3724S', 2354660 512 byte blocks

In this example, the disk is located on controller 0, SCSI ID 5. The "corrupt label" warning means that the disk doesn't have a Solaris label on it yet.

Device nodes

The correct device nodes for the disk are automatically added when a "boot -r" is issued. If the system hasn't been rebooted using the -r option, here is a script that will configure the system for the new disk.

Formatting, Partitioning and Labeling

The format utility is used to format, partition, and label disks. It is menu driven. The raw disk device is given as an argument; if no argument is given, format will print a list of available disks and ask the user to pick one.

# format /dev/rdsk/c0t5d0s2
selecting /dev/rdsk/c0t5d0s2
[disk formatted]


FORMAT MENU:
      disk       - select a disk
      type       - select (define) a disk type
      partition  - select (define) a partition table
      current    - describe the current disk
      format     - format and analyze the disk
      repair     - repair a defective sector
      label      - write label to the disk
      analyze    - surface analysis
      defect     - defect list management
      backup     - search for backup labels
      verify     - read and display labels
      save       - save new disk/partition definitions
      inquiry    - show vendor, product and revision
      volname    - set 8-character volume name
      quit

Typing format at the prompt will perform a low-level format on the disk. This is usually not necessary with a new disk, since they generally come pre-formatted, but may help to map out any additional defects the drive may have developed.

The next step is to partition the drive. Type partition at the prompt to switch to the partition menu:

format> partition

PARTITION MENU:
      0      - change `0' partition
      1      - change `1' partition
      2      - change `2' partition
      3      - change `3' partition
      4      - change `4' partition
      5      - change `5' partition
      6      - change `6' partition
      7      - change `7' partition
      select - select a predefined table
      modify - modify a predefined partition table
      name   - name the current table
      print  - display the current table
      label  - write partition map and label to the disk
      quit

Type in print to get a listing of the current partition table. Note that the second partition represents the entire disk:

partition> print
Current partition table (original):
Total disk cylinders available: 3361 + 2 (reserved cylinders)

Part      Tag    Flag     Cylinders        Size            Blocks
0 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)          0
1 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)          0
2     backup    wu       0-3360          1.12GB    (3361/0/0) 2352700
3 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)          0
4 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)          0
5 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)          0
6 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)          0
7 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)          0

We will be splitting the disk up into two equal partitions, numbers 3 and 4. The first partition will span cylinders 0 through 1680, the second will span cylinders 1681 through 3360. The partition size can be specified in blocks, cylinders, or megabytes by using the b, c, and mb suffixes when entering the size.

partition> 3
Part      Tag    Flag     Cylinders        Size            Blocks
3 unassigned    wm       0               0         (0/0/0)          0

Enter partition id tag[unassigned]:
Enter partition permission flags[wm]:
Enter new starting cyl[0]: 0
Enter partition size[0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: 1680c
partition> 4
Enter partition id tag[unassigned]:
Enter partition permission flags[wm]:
Enter new starting cyl[0]: 1681
Enter partition size[0b, 0c, 0.00mb]: 1680c

Once the disk has been partitioned, the label should be written to the disk:

partition> label
Ready to label disk, continue? y

The new partition table can be printed from the format utility, or may be viewed using the prtvtoc command:

# prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/s0t5d0s2
* /dev/rdsk/c0t5d0s2 partition map
*
* Dimensions:
*     512 bytes/sector
*     140 sectors/track
*       5 tracks/cylinder
*     700 sectors/cylinder
*    3363 cylinders
*    3361 accessible cylinders
*
* Flags:
*   1: unmountable
*  10: read-only
*
* Unallocated space:
*       First     Sector    Last
*       Sector     Count    Sector
*     1176000       700   1176699
*
*                          First     Sector    Last
* Partition  Tag  Flags    Sector     Count    Sector  Mount Directory
     2      5    01          0   2352700   2352699
     3      0    00          0   1176000   1175999
     4      0    00    1176700   1176000   2352699

Creating new filesystems

Finally, new filesystems can be created on the disk using the newfs command, and each filesystem is checked for integrity using fsck:

# newfs /dev/rdsk/c0t5d0s3
newfs: construct a new file system /dev/rdsk/c0t5d0s3: (y/n)? y
/dev/rdsk/c0t5d0s3:     1176000 sectors in 1680 cylinders of 5 tracks, 140 sectors
      574.2MB in 105 cyl groups (16 c/g, 5.47MB/g, 2624 i/g)
super-block backups (for fsck -F ufs -o b=#) at:
32, 11376, 22720, 34064, 45408, 56752, 68096, 79440, 89632, 100976, 112320,
123664, 135008, 146352, 157696, 169040, 179232, 190576, 201920, 213264,
224608, 235952, 247296, 258640, 268832, 280176, 291520, 302864, 314208,
325552, 336896, 348240, 358432, 369776, 381120, 392464, 403808, 415152,
426496, 437840, 448032, 459376, 470720, 482064, 493408, 504752, 516096,
527440, 537632, 548976, 560320, 571664, 583008, 594352, 605696, 617040,
627232, 638576, 649920, 661264, 672608, 683952, 695296, 706640, 716832,
728176, 739520, 750864, 762208, 773552, 784896, 796240, 806432, 817776,
829120, 840464, 851808, 863152, 874496, 885840, 896032, 907376, 918720,
930064, 941408, 952752, 964096, 975440, 985632, 996976, 1008320, 1019664,
1031008, 1042352, 1053696, 1065040, 1075232, 1086576, 1097920, 1109264,
1120608, 1131952, 1143296, 1154640, 1164832,
# fsck -y /dev/rdsk/c0t5d0s3
** /dev/rdsk/c0t5d0s3
** Last Mounted on
** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes
** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames
** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity
** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts
** Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups
2 files, 9 used, 551853 free (13 frags, 68980 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation)